Jewelry trade glossary
Has, milyem, fire, ramat, sarrafiye… 30 terms of the jewelry trade, defined in plain language. Bookmark it; quote it.
Has (fine gold)
Pure, 24-karat gold content. Trade balances and workshop accounts are often kept in "has" terms — the pure-gold equivalent of an item regardless of its karat.
Milyem
Purity expressed in thousandths. 916 milyem = 91.6% pure gold (22K); 585 milyem = 58.5% (14K). Multiply weight by milyem to get the fine-gold (has) content.
Karat (ayar)
Purity on a 24-part scale: 24K is pure gold, 22K is 916 milyem, 18K is 750, 14K is 585, 8K is 333.
Fire (loss)
Metal lost during workshop processes such as melting, cutting and polishing. Tracked per work order; a normal percentage is expected, excess signals a problem.
Ramat
Recovering gold from workshop sweepings, dust and scraps. Ramat returns reduce the real fire (loss) figure.
Sarrafiye
Trade in physical bullion and coins (gram gold, quarter/half/full coins) rather than crafted jewelry; margins are thin and volume-driven.
İşçilik (labor)
The craftsmanship charge added over the metal value of a piece — typically quoted per gram or per piece.
Sadekar
A workshop craftsman who forms the plain (unset) body of a jewelry piece.
Mıhlama
Stone setting: mounting gemstones onto the metal body.
Ocak
The melting stage/furnace of the workshop where scrap and raw metal are alloyed.
Tumbaj
Alloying gold with other metals to reach a target karat.
Cila
Polishing — the finishing stage that also produces recoverable dust (see Ramat).
Gram altın
Investment gold sold by the gram, priced directly off the spot market.
Çeyrek / Yarım / Tam
Turkish coin denominations (quarter, half, full) minted from 22K gold; everyday units of the retail coin trade.
Ata lira
The Republic gold coin (Atatürk lira); a standard coin of the Turkish market.
22 ayar bilezik
The classic 916-milyem bracelet — both adornment and household savings vehicle in Türkiye.
Hurda altın
Scrap gold bought back from customers, priced by karat and weight, then sent to melt.
Külçe
Bullion bar of gold or silver, in various weights, traded close to spot.
Kapalıçarşı
İstanbul's Grand Bazaar — the historical price reference of the Turkish physical gold market.
Ons (ounce)
The global gold price unit: 1 troy ounce = 31.1035 grams, quoted in USD.
Kur farkı
Exchange-rate difference. Since gold is priced globally in USD, TRY balances move with both the gold price and the dollar rate.
Cari hesap
The running account of a customer or supplier: purchases, payments and the outstanding balance — in TRY, currency or gold basis.
Veresiye
Selling on account: goods now, payment later, recorded on the customer's cari account.
Ekstre
The statement of a cari account: every transaction in order with the resulting balance.
Yaşlandırma
Aging: ranking open balances by how long they have been outstanding — the collection priority list.
Kasa defteri
The daily cash book: opening balance, every inflow/outflow, and the end-of-day count per currency.
Envanter / Stok değerleme
Valuing inventory with current metal prices — what the showcase is worth today.
Barkodlu satış
Selling by scanning a product barcode; eliminates typing errors at the counter.
POS
Point of sale — where the sale is closed, the receipt is produced and stock is updated.
Triple-book
Bakiyem's ledger approach: the same transaction tracked in TRY, foreign currency and gold basis simultaneously.
Software that speaks this language
Has, milyem and fire are first-class features in Bakiyem — not footnotes.